P-value
Inferential Statistics
Statistically Significant Result
Standard Criterion for Significance (Alpha)
Null Retention
Alternative Hypothesis (H1)
Null Hypothesis (H0)
A set probability, typically 0.05, representing the chance of rejecting a true null hypothesis
Making inferences, predicting, testing relationships, or comparing a sample with a population to generalise findings
The probability of observing a sample result, or one more extreme, if the null hypothesis were true
Occurs when the p-value is equal to or lower than the set alpha criterion (e.g., 0.05), leading to null hypothesis rejection
The idea that there is no relationship or difference between variables or groups
The decision to keep the null hypothesis when the observed p-value is greater than the standard alpha (e.g., 0.05)
The idea that a relationship or difference exists, often called the researcher's hypothesis
