Purpose is to explore and understand complex phenomena focusing on the meanings, experiences, and perspectives of individuals

Data collection continues until no new information or themes emerge in qualitative studies

The percentage or proportion of individuals who have a specific disorder in a sample

Purpose is to test hypotheses and measure variables using numerical data to identify patterns and relationships

Investigate the relationship between two variables or more without doing any manipulation

Investigates changes over time by measuring the same individuals repeatedly across different time points

A non-experimental study collecting data at one time to compare variables among pre-existing groups