A process of systematically collecting and evaluating evidence to test ideas and answer empirical questions

A theoretical description of a construct (variable)

Questions about how the world actually is that can be answered by systematically observing it

Making careful observations under various controlled conditions to test ideas

Refers to the consistency of a measure across time points or between raters

Whether a measure accurately measures what it intends to measure; measurement accuracy

How a construct is measured in a study, providing concrete details like the measure used and scoring