Null Hypothesis (H0)
P-value
Standard Criterion for Significance (Alpha)
Null Retention
Inferential Statistics
Statistically Significant Result
Alternative Hypothesis (H1)
A set probability, typically 0.05, representing the chance of rejecting a true null hypothesis
The probability of observing a sample result, or one more extreme, if the null hypothesis were true
The idea that there is no relationship or difference between variables or groups
The idea that a relationship or difference exists, often called the researcher's hypothesis
The decision to keep the null hypothesis when the observed p-value is greater than the standard alpha (e.g., 0.05)
Making inferences, predicting, testing relationships, or comparing a sample with a population to generalise findings
Occurs when the p-value is equal to or lower than the set alpha criterion (e.g., 0.05), leading to null hypothesis rejection
