A method comparing two impaired neural substrates to prove independent cognitive functions.

Measures brain activity indirectly by tracking blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) signals.

The perspective that cognition emerges from distributed, intricate networks of neural connections.

Infers brain function by measuring metabolic activity via the uptake of a radioactive tracer.

The visual pathway processing specific object features like color, shape, and texture.

A laboratory technique used to map exact anatomical connectivity along physical neural pathways.

The visual pathway processing spatial location and geometric orientation.

The idea that identical mental properties can be instantiated in completely different physical substrates.

Analyzing cognitive systems based strictly on functional output rather than material makeup.

An early pseudoscientific attempt to map cognitive functions to specific bumps on the skull.

Jerry Fodor's framework proposing the brain functions as specialized, functionally encapsulated components.

Brain region specifically responsible for the reception and comprehension of language.