Physical or mental techniques (e.g., counting backwards) used to distort polygraph readings
Adaptational Model
Paul Ekman
Polygraph method designed to detect 'guilty knowledge'; associated with high false negatives
Comparison Question Test (CQT)
Unintentional symptoms with no underlying organic cause and no external incentive
Malingering
P300
Intentional production of symptoms for an internal goal, such as assuming the sick role
Serial killer who attempted to malinger Multiple Personality Disorder to avoid the death penalty
Intentional production of false or exaggerated symptoms for an external goal (e.g., money)
Concealed Information Test (CIT)
Conversion Disorder
Theory viewing malingering as a rational choice to cope with an adversarial situation
Researcher associated with the study of microexpressions and leakage cues
Kenneth Bianchi
Countermeasures
Factitious Disorder
Event-related brain potential indicating the brain has recognized meaningful or relevant information
Polygraph method utilizing probable-lie questions; associated with high false positive rates
