Physical or mental techniques (e.g., counting backwards) used to distort polygraph readings
Unintentional symptoms with no underlying organic cause and no external incentive
Polygraph method designed to detect 'guilty knowledge'; associated with high false negatives
Malingering
Intentional production of symptoms for an internal goal, such as assuming the sick role
Serial killer who attempted to malinger Multiple Personality Disorder to avoid the death penalty
Comparison Question Test (CQT)
Adaptational Model
Paul Ekman
P300
Theory viewing malingering as a rational choice to cope with an adversarial situation
Kenneth Bianchi
Countermeasures
Conversion Disorder
Intentional production of false or exaggerated symptoms for an external goal (e.g., money)
Researcher associated with the study of microexpressions and leakage cues
Factitious Disorder
Concealed Information Test (CIT)
Event-related brain potential indicating the brain has recognized meaningful or relevant information
Polygraph method utilizing probable-lie questions; associated with high false positive rates
