Confession provided without police prompting, often for notoriety or to protect someone else.

Scare tactics used by interrogators to intimidate suspects and convey certain belief in their guilt.

Confession given knowingly falsely to escape a stressful interrogation or gain a promised benefit.

A vulnerable suspect comes to genuinely believe they committed the crime due to suggestive interrogation.

The most significant risk indicator for identifying the likelihood of a false confession.

Soft-sell interrogation tactics offering moral justification and face-saving excuses to suspects.