Confession provided without police prompting, often for notoriety or to protect someone else.

Soft-sell interrogation tactics offering moral justification and face-saving excuses to suspects.

The most significant risk indicator for identifying the likelihood of a false confession.

Scare tactics used by interrogators to intimidate suspects and convey certain belief in their guilt.

Confession given knowingly falsely to escape a stressful interrogation or gain a promised benefit.

A vulnerable suspect comes to genuinely believe they committed the crime due to suggestive interrogation.