The uncertainty remaining after fitting the model to the data

Unstandardized measure of shared variance limited by units

Optimization algorithm that minimizes squared errors to estimate parameters

Should be judged by magnitude (effect size), not p-values

The regression model collapses to the Mean of Y (flat line)

The fundamental form of most statistical models

Standardized measure of association bounded between -1 and 1

Magnitude of change in f(x) resulting from a change in x

The value of the function when X is zero (crosses y-axis)

Necessary to detect non-linear relationships (e.g., U-shaped) missed by r