Objectives that focus on achieving personal standards independent of others, like a personal best.
A focus on outperforming others; success is defined by social comparison and winning.
The distinction between positive goals (approaching success) and negative goals (avoiding failure).
Objectives that focus on specific actions or behaviors an athlete must engage in during performance.
A goal orientation focused on avoiding performing worse than others.
Objectives that focus on competitive results and social comparison, such as winning a race.
A focus on mastery, self-improvement, and effort; success is defined by personal progress.
The concept of setting goals for a team as a unit, which improves performance more than individual goals alone.
