Encompassed seven distinct branches including grammar, logic, rhetoric, arithmetic, geometry, algebra, and astronomy.

The earliest known surgical procedure involving cutting a hole in the skull, with survivors sometimes wearing the bone disc.

Site where disarticulated human skeletons were found with bones purposely cracked open to extract and consume marrow.

A perfectly preserved freeze-dried Alpine corpse from 3350 BC revealing internal diseases like Lyme and whipworms.

Specimens whose teeth retained tartar proving a diet of vegetables and carbon ash indicating cooked food.